Pastoralism and the Development of Civilization

Pastoralism refers to a stage in the development of civilization between hunting and agriculture and also to a way of life dependent on the herding of livestock, specifically, ungulates. The Steppes and the Near and Middle East are particularly associated with pastoralism, although mountainous regions and areas too cold for farming can also support pastoralism.  In the Steppes near Kiev, where the wild horse roamed, pastoralists used their knowledge of cattle herding to domesticate the horse. Lifestyle Pastoralists focus on raising livestock and tend to the care and use of animals such as camels, goats, cattle, yaks, llamas and sheep.  Animal species vary depending on where pastoralists live in the world; typically they are domesticated herbivores that eat plant foods. The two main lifestyles of pastoralism include nomadism and transhumance. The nomads practice a seasonal migratory pattern that changes annually, while transhumance pastoralists use a pattern to cool highland valleys in summer and warmer ones during the cold wintertime. Nomadism This form of subsistence agriculture, also known as farming to eat, is based on herding domesticated animals. Instead of depending on crops to survive, pastoral nomads primarily depend on animals that provide milk, clothing and tents.   Some key characteristics of pastoral nomads include: Pastoral nomads typically do not slaughter their animals but already dead ones may be used for food.Power and prestige are often symbolized by this cultures herd size.The type and number of animals are chosen in relation to local characteristics, such as climate and vegetation. Transhumance The movement of livestock for water and food encompasses transhumance. The core differentiator in regards to nomadism is that herders who are leading the flock must leave their family behind.  Their lifestyle is in harmony with nature, developing groups of people with the worlds ecosystem, embedding themselves in their environment and biodiversity. The main places you can find transhumance include Mediterranean locations such as Greece, Lebanon, and Turkey. Modern Pastoralism Today, most pastoralists live in Mongolia, parts of Central Asia and East African locations. Pastoral societies include groups of pastoralists who center their daily life around pastoralism through the tending of herds or flocks.  The benefits of pastoralism include flexibility, low costs and freedom of movement. Pastoralism has survived due to additional features including light regulatory environment and their work in regions that are not suited for agriculture. Quick Facts Over 22 million Africans depend on pastoralists for their livelihood today, in communities such as the Bedouins, Berbers, Somali and Turkana.There are over 300,000 cattle herders in Southern Kenya and 150,000 in Tanzania.Pastoralism societies can be drawn back to the time period 8500-6500 BC.Literary work involving shepherds and rustic life is known as pastoral which comes from the term pastor, Latin for a shepherd. SourceAndrew Sherratt Pastoralism The Oxford Companion to Archaeology. Brian M. Fagan, ed., Oxford University Press 1996. Oxford University Press.

Personally Identifiable Information Essay - 913 Words

Information gathering, through networking, social media, and both on and offline storage have made it easier to collect information about an individual than ever before, with many concerns having arisen over the years about privacy and the ability to protect that privacy. As debates over personally identifiable information continue, one cornerstone remains a constant, ethics. Ethics are defined as â€Å"the standard by which human actions can be judged right and wrong (Online, 2012)†, but even that can be debated when discussed within the realm of information technology. Have you ever been to an internet shopping site and â€Å"trusted† the secure connection? Essentially, you are entrusting an inanimate system developed by an individual or group†¦show more content†¦The first questions to ask when it comes to e-mail and websites at work is, â€Å"Am I being watched?† The answer is most likely yes. Employers have begun to watch their employeeâ€℠¢s activities with greater detail over the years. In 2001, CNN.com posted an article titled, Is your PC watching you? Find out!, which looked into this further. In this article â€Å"A study by the Privacy Foundation claims employers are monitoring the Internet and e-mail use of 14 million employees. (Articles.CNN, 2001)† While it can be assumed that number has grown over the last decade, it can also be said with certainty that measures have been put in place to ensure information transmitted via business internet connections have increased. The U.S. government, for example, has set up content filters and points of encryption to safeguard against system penetrations and intrusions. Although these measures are not practical for home use, limiting the information you supply to through the internet will help. One topic of contention that does not seem to have a resolution, however, is the subject of electronic medical records. The utilization of electronic medical records has been highly ethically debated. According the Journal of Information Systems Education, â€Å"Building knowledge and skills in biometrics creates a mutual understanding between IS professionals and health practitioners. (Cellucci, 2011)† Although the thought process is sound, theShow MoreRelatedThe Impact Of Personally Identifiable Information1649 Words   |  7 Pagesconcerned with how their Personally Identifiable Information (PII) is being used online. PII, as described in US privacy law and information security, is information that can be used on its own or with other information to identify, contact, or locate a single person, or to identify an individual in context. 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The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie free essay sample

Miss Jean has who is in her prime has an attraction to the married art master named Teddy Lloyd, in her affair with the single music master, Gordon Lowther she is still determined to make The Brodie girls the best they can be. This story is all about love and betrayel by none other than one her girls Sandy. In this story one of the biggest flash backs is under the Elm tree, the novel begins 6 years later with the girls using flashback to go into more detail about the school, girls and Miss Jean Brodie herself. This flashback helps us learn about Miss Jean Brodies teaching styles, she is described as the woman in her prime, a flamboyant woman with unorthodox methods. However Miss Brodie wants her girls to grow up and become individual rather than conform. and all my pupils are the creme de la cremeMiss Brodie herself is also a bit of an outsider as well to the school because of teaching methods. We will write a custom essay sample on The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This flashforward reveals that Miss Brodie is betrayed, but it does not give out information on who! Despite the flashforwards giving information to what happens in the future the author seems to keep that sense of mystery of what it yet to come in order to keep the reader reading but still in control. The structure here lets us flashbackwards and read on while we then flashforward with little information of what will happen, so we will read on the see the details of it and let our imaginations run wild of the all the possibilities of what is yet to happen. The flashforwards seem to very short, but still give good insight on what may just happen in the future. One flashforward happens to be about a young girl by the name of Mary McGregor. Mary is part of the Brodie set but is seen as the limp crazy girl of the set. She is victimised by not only the girls themselves but Miss Bordie herself! Along came Mary McGregor, the last member of the set, whose fame rested on being on her being a silent lump, a nobody whom everybody could blame However Mary believes that being part of set and being taught by Miss Brodie happened to be the best years of her life. It occured to her then that the first years with Miss Brodie, sitting listening to all those stories and opinions which had nothing to do with the ordinary world, had been the happiest time of her life in the flashforward we see that Mary is working in the Wrens, losing her lover and eventually dying in a fire that occurs in a hotel in Cumberland. Another flashforward in this story happens to be that Miss Brodie is betrayed by one of her own girls! Monical Douglas catches Mr. Lloyd kissing Miss Brodie in the art room; Miss Brodie and Mr. Lowther are absent from school for two weeks during which time they had become lovers. Only Monica and Sandy are aware of the kiss but decide they should keep to themselves. I know he had his arm round her and was kissing her Even thought Miss Brodie is in love with Mr. Lowther she still has an affair with Mr. Lloyd as well. The flashforward for this happens to reveal that Sandy happens to betray Miss Brodie to Miss Mackey, This decision was escalated by the death of Joyce Emily, who ran away to Spain to fight for Franco after listening to Miss Brodie, Sandy believes that Miss Brodie just uses people as she is thought as an arrogant, manipulative woman in Sandys eyes. This flashforward shows us how one of the Brodie set can go on from being heavily influenced by Miss Brodie to standing on her own two feet and thinking for herself and apposing to Miss Brodie. The flashforwards in this story help up get a general idea of how these characters change through the years and how they are lead to do betray or fight all because of the influence given by Miss Brodie. Overal The Prime of Miss Jean Brodie seems to be a successful story because of its flashbacks and flashforwards which help us see into the future, reflect back and yet keep the interest in reading to up to that one point we know little information about and look at how it all happens. We see that the twist in the story is the betrayal by one of Miss Brodies own girls, that after all the praise and glory given to Miss Brodie, shes seen as a critic who knows very little, doesnt care for the girls education and seems to be rather self rightious and manipulative.

Real Life Rounders Essays - Deception, Poker Strategy, Bluff, Poker

Real Life Rounders "No, I guess the ladies didn't help me. I flopped the nut straight." Yeah baby ? I won! It just so happened that this was the final game of cards for that particular evening ? always the highest paying jackpot. I sat in all my glory. The two queens in my hand that everyone had been fearing had meant nothing. The pair of "ladies" served as bait in one of the most grueling and mentally exhausting night of card playing in my life. My straight, a sequence of 5 cards in numerical order, will be remembered and duplicated for some time within the group of patrons that night. But it was not just mere lady luck by my side. I outsmarted or out-guessed my opposition. It was through a conditioning of memorizing facial and verbal expressions that I was able to earn quite a healthy sum that evening. On January 1, 2000, first day of the new millennium, and it was time once again for the annual "end of winter break" card game. This occurs when a small group of friends and neighbors that normally never see each other throughout the year get a chance to bond through a spirited night of playing poker. Among the eight players gathered around the table on this particular eve were my good friends Dave and Joe. It was every man for himself at the table, but on occasion, the three of us have been known to work together and then at the end of the night we would split out earnings. Minimum buy-in was a hundred dollars since this was a once a year special occasion for us. It was ten o'clock at night, and the game was under way. At first, we played some small money games just to feel out the competition. You can tell many things from the eyes of your opponent. During this stage, you would be examining who is working together, detecting others tendencies, and starting to counting cards. Usually the player(s) who win these games are the first ones out of money when the real games start. This is because this means that they are beginners, and lack of experience or inability to disguise a bluff later lead to the deflation of their over-confidence. By about two o'clock in the morning, the heavy bidding poker games begin. Now all your hard work begins to pay off, and the night really becomes fun. We had about five people left as the others had lost all their money at this time. As a tendency, we do not play just one style of game, but many different styles of poker. Cincinnati, Texas Hold ?em and Stud name just a few. The only notable difference in each type in the number and/or order in which you receive your cards. Each type brings out a new personality - and thus a foretelling mannerism - in each of my friends. Some become more aggressive while others become quiet and uncomfortable for each type of hand they are holding. For example, if Joe licks his upper lip or stares blankly off, he has a good hand and will bluff that he has a bad hand to get others to invest more of their money into the game. A technique that would not be something you could find in a reference novel but is considered unique to the opponent and situation. Meanwhile, there are usually all sorts of worthless bantering going on. This trash talking means absolutely nothing, yet can mean absolutely everything as it served a dual purpose. The first was to confuse the opponent either by making him or her lose count of the cards or by disguising your reaction to your own cards. The idea was to make no expression at all, hence the term "poker face". The second purpose was to intimidate the others by trying to psyche out the opponent - forcing them to play your game. A good irritant that works only if you are winning for the night but happen to lose one hand would be, "It doesn't matter, I'm just paying you with your own money anyway." Around four o'clock, we came across a high stakes game. The pot was up at around $280, and there four of us still left in that were going for it - Joe, Dave, one other, and myself. The other guy was drunk by this time and out of money; obviously, he was not a legitimate contender. Dave lit a cigarette,